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Mantra Jñāna: Passage through the Sūkṣma Śarīra

Based on the Writings and Discourses by Ācārya Sushil Kumar

By Parveen Jain, PhD
Edited by Cogen Bohanec, PhD
 
Mantra Jñāna: Passage through the Sūkṣma Śarīra is now available for purchase.
Mantra Jñāna: Passage through the Sūkṣma Śarīra, the latest book authored by Dr. Parveen Jain, offers a comprehensive exploration of Jain mantra philosophy and its impact on the subtle body. Based on the teachings of Ācārya Sushil Kumar, the book delves into the metaphysics of language and the transformative power of mantras in spiritual progression. The text elaborates on how mantras interact with the subtle body, known as the sūkṣma śarīra, to produce profound effects on personal conduct and spiritual development. Mantras are depicted as instruments for awakening inner spiritual energies and harmonizing the practitioner's consciousness with universal truths. The book also highlights the intricate relationships between sound, light, and color in the context of mantra practice, based on Ācārya Sushil Kumar’s discourses, emphasizing the interplay between phonemes and the fundamental elements of nature – earth, fire, wind, water, and space (dravya-tattvas: pṛthivī, agni, vāyu, jala, ākāśa)—also called pañca-dravyas or pañca-bhūtas.

Ācārya Sushil Kumar explains how through mantra recitation, practitioners can access divine energies and progress towards liberation by invoking cosmic vibrations. By providing insights into the science of mantra creation, the text investigates how practitioners engage in mantra sādhana to elevate their consciousness and achieve spiritual enlightenment. Mantra Jñāna serves as a valuable resource for understanding Jain philosophy and the spiritual benefits of mantra practice. Ultimately, this book stands as both a source of inspiration for spiritual practice among practitioners and an essential case study of Jain mantra and language theory for scholars.

The Formation of a Word from a Thought to Verbal Articulation and Contemplation

As elaborated in this book, Ācārya Sushil Kumar explains the process, when we think of a word to contemplate or utter, there is an intriguing and structured process within our body, mostly at the subtle body (sūkṣma śarīra) level that is triggered at the first thought of what we contemplate or want to say. The outcome of this process has direct implications on our actions in mind, body, and speech. The process is elaborated in this book, but here is an abbreviated overview.

In the subtle body (sūkṣma śarīra) realm, every cognitive action or occurrence, whether during contemplation or otherwise, creates a speckle of powerful vital energy (ūrjā) at the mūlādhāra, the root cakra, located just above the tailbone. This speckle of ūrjā transforms into a pulsation (spandana) invigorated by an energy that is a replication of that sensed as emitting from the earth element (pṛthivī dravya-tattva) by virtue of the relationship between pṛthivī dravya-tattva and mūlādhāra. From there, the pulsation rises and strikes the sacral cakra (svādhiṣṭhāna) located a little bit above mūlādhāra and in the middle of the bladder and the uterus for women and prostatic utricle for men. Here it gathers an energy that is a replication of that sensed from the water element (jala dravya-tattva) by virtue of the relationship between sacral cakra and jala dravya-tattva. Then the pulsation moves on to the solar plexus cakra (maṇipūra). At the maṇipūra cakra, it gets energized with an energy that is aligned with the fire element (agni dravya-tattva) due to the relationship between maṇipūra and agni dravya-tattva. Finally, it arrives at the heart cakra (anāhata) and picks up an energy that is a replication of that sensed from the wind element (vāyu dravya-tattva) due to the relationship between anāhata and vāyu dravya-tattva. Then, the pulsation gets buoyed and gathers the ability to move up. At this stage, depending on the demeanor and spiritual state of the practitioner, it either acquires audible characteristics that can take extroverted vocalized form (vaikharī) – āhata form – or transforms into an internalized contemplative sensation (paśyantī) in anāhata form. For the rarest of the advanced practitioners who have undergone extended intense perseverance, the pulsation takes the form parāvāṇī, the ultimate, most blissful internalized state involving silent recitation. In all of these cases, the pulsation draws an energy that is a replication of that which is sensed from the space element (ākāśa dravya-tattva) and ultimately merges with it.

The movement of pulsations occurs in scientifically unmeasurable short duration of time—a few instances of samaya, the smallest conceivable unit of time from a dharmic perspective. It is not noticeable by ordinary individuals but could become perceptible to highly learned spiritualists like advanced ascetics (ṛṣis and yogīs).

The state of mind and quality of thoughts play catalytic roles in how these pulsations get transformed at the heart cakra. The formation of the types of letters or words (akṣaras or śabdas) depends on the quality of the cognitive actions or thoughts, and at the same time, conversely, the quality of the thoughts depends on the words being contemplated. In that sense, words and thoughts form a positive feedback mechanism for each other. When we begin in a state of anger, contempt, or other regressive sentiments, the pulsations that initiate from the mūlādhāra and rise from the heart cakra to transform into audible sound could become a speech conveying contempt or hatred as it passes from the heart to the throat and finally exits from the mouth. However, at the same time, even if the initial demeanor is regressive but the practitioner manages to redirect it to a wholesome state of mind and thinks of spiritually auspicious words, such as oṃ or the Ṇamokār Mantra, the demeanor could start transitioning to a virtuous tone, or possibly to an audible rendering of the mantra. When the process begins with a spiritually conducive demeanor in a meditative state (dhyāna) or a devotional state (bhakti), the thoughts trigger pulsations that transform into mantras in spoken or contemplative forms. In such a practice, the aspirant would attain an exhilarating state of spiritual elation and enjoy the spiritual beauty of the inner self.

As explained by Guru Jī in his writings, and presented by the author, Dr. Parveen Jain in this book, the transformation of thoughts into effective mantras that yield the results sought by a practitioner is a highly intricate process that is proficiently and carefully structured by learned spiritualists and ascetics (yogīs, ṛṣis and ācāryas) over the ages with intense research, validation, and practice. This rigorous, exhaustive, and iterative process parallels the methods deployed in modern science, except that the mantra creation is a millennia-old contemplative discipline at the level of consciousness, whereas scientific investigations are carried out at the physiological and largely material level.

Mantra Jñāna: Passage through the Sūkṣma Śarīra is now available for purchase.

Critical Reviews

Ācārya Sushil Kumar was a visionary Jain monk whose groundbreaking work brought Jain teachings of non-violence, compassion, and spiritual practice to a global audience. 
 
In Mantra Jñāna: A Passage through the Sūkṣma Śarīra, Dr. Parveen Jain offers a lucid and faithful translation of his Guru Ācārya Sushil Kumar’s teachings, providing readers with both theoretical depth and practical guidance on mantra. This work is an invaluable companion to Jain’s earlier Introduction to Jain Philosophy, also based on Ācārya Sushil Kumar’s teachings, and a significant contribution to our growing understanding of how the Jain tradition has been expressed in its global and diasporic contexts. 
 
Parveen Jain’s translations of his guru’s teachings on mantra shaped by Jain dharma, the Vedas, Yoga, Tantra, science, and psychology offer a uniquely entangled approach to mantra and sacred sound. Students, practitioners, and scholars alike will find in these pages a rare opportunity to engage with Ācārya Sushil Kumar’s unique vision and to appreciate mantra as a path to spiritual awakening."
Professor Christopher Jain Miller, PhD
VP of Academic Affairs, Professor of Jain and Yoga Studies, Arihanta Institute, San Jose, CA (USA)  
As with his previous book, An Introduction to Jain Philosophy, and with the able assistance of Dr. Cogen Bohanec, Dr. Parveen Jain has again done a great service to a wide array of readers by making available in English the thought of Ācārya Sushil Kumar, one of the most advanced Jain spiritual teachers of the contemporary era. The Jain wisdom surrounding mantras is thus presented to the modern reader in a way that makes this important knowledge accessible to specialists and seekers alike."
Professor Jeffery D. Long, PhD
Carl W. Ziegler Professor of Religion,Philosophy and Asian Studies, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA
An authentic book, Mantra Jñāna, on mantras and their effects not only describes the benefits of mantra recitation on the body and mind, but what distinguishes it is its focus on the spiritual aspects. The jñāna behind mantras and their foundation is explained through two streams – their mechanism and their effects – so that one can recite them not as a ritual but with a deeper understanding, which is more effective. 

A special feature of Mantra Jñāna is that the physiological, psychological, and spiritual processes of mantras have been lucidly explained. The book paves the way for establishing some of the mechanisms through experimentation, since the vibrations or pulsations, and their biochemical and bioelectrical effects – through which mantras operate – can be measured with modern techniques. 

This excellent book is an important contribution to the theory and practice of mantras and to understanding the mechanisms through which mantras operate and the channels through which their effects can be experienced by practitioners. My compliments to Dr. Parveen Jain for bringing out the various aspects of Jain mantras and their benefits, and I hope that this book will serve as a basic reference for understanding the effects of mantras on the organs of the human body, the brain, and the mind, and for spiritual advancement, leading to a more humane society. "
Dr. Narendra Bhandari
FNA, FNAac, FASc, FJAS Founder & President, Jain Academy of Scholars
This book is a remarkable contribution to the study and practice of Jain mantra philosophy. Drawing from the profound insights of Ācārya Sushil Kumar and brought to life through the careful scholarship of Dr. Parveen Jain, this work illuminates the subtle interconnections between sound, language, spirituality, and the transformative potential of mantras. With clarity and depth, the book explores how sonic vibrations shape inner discipline, awaken the subtle body, and orient practitioners toward self-realization and non-violence. It bridges rigorous philosophical analysis with lived spiritual practice, making it valuable both for academic readers and for seekers on the path. At once historically grounded and spiritually resonant, Mantra Jñāna demonstrates how ancient Jain wisdom continues to speak with urgency and relevance to contemporary global contexts. This is a text to study, contemplate, and return to often, as it deepens our understanding of the power of sound and the possibilities of the human spirit. "
Dr. Venu Mehta
Bhagwan Chandraprabha Endowed Assistant Professor in Jain Studies Assistant Professor of Comparative Spiritualities Claremont School of Theology, Los Angeles, CA (USA)
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